This author also presents the “hall of faith” of biblical heroes who exemplified faith (Heb 11). In Galatians, Paul uses justification by faith to counter opponents who teach “works of the law.” And the author of Hebrews stresses the importance of faith against falling away. And it so happens that the entire theme in Romans has to do with righteousness, not to mention faith. All three verses speak of the righteous person living by faith. Think about the quotation of Habakkuk 2:4 in Romans 1:17, Galatians 2:16, and Hebrews 10:38. Scripture is cited and echoed for a reason. It encourages us to ponder on what might be some of the main ideas of the NT book that references the OT. Jesus’s sharing of bread and drink the night he was betrayed establishes the new covenant anticipated in the prophetic word.ĥ.

In other words, his death on the cross will bring about the kind of forgiveness God declares will characterize the new covenant. Now notice that Jesus speaks of the new covenant at the Lord’s Supper in reference to his blood. The new covenant will be written in human hearts and their sins will be forgiven, among other things. The phrase alludes to Jeremiah 31:31-34 where the prophet proclaims that God will establish a new covenant with his people, unlike the covenant God established with them at Sinai (Moses’s covenant). Notice how Jesus talks about the new covenant in Luke 22:20. It encourages us to see how the NT author is using the same words from the OT in a different context. Likewise, if you read the context of 1 Sam 12 (referenced in Rom 11:2), do you think it was merely a coincidence that Paul happens to bring up his Israelite heritage here as coming from the tribe of Benjamin, the same tribe as King Saul in the Samuel narrative?Ĥ.

Recall Psalm 22: not only are the words Jesus quotes important, but the entire Psalm is important for understanding the significance of the scene on the cross. If we find a references to the Old Testament in the New, we may gain new insights by reading the context of the Old Testament passage, and then re-reading the New Testament text that references it. It encourages us to read the context of the text quoted or echoed. We can thus speculate whether this is an unmarked quote or an allusion.) Oh, what we miss by not exploring texts carefully!ģ. (There are minor differences in the wording, though. But the phrase, “God has not rejected his people” actually comes from Psalm 94:14 or 1 Samuel 12:22 or both. How many quotes are there from the Old Testament? Two? Wrong! Not only does Paul quote from the Elijah story in 1 Kings 19 twice.

It encourages us to look not only for marked quotations from the Old Testament, but also unmarked quotations and allusions. We read with a new set of eyes, intentionally looking for and hunting down thoughts, words, and phrases we recall reading from other parts of Scripture.Ģ.

It encourages us to read to Bible carefully. To be sure, a mindset of intertextuality not only draws our attention to passages in which the New Testament quotes the Old, but more than this, it is also a great way of studying Scripture for the following reasons:ġ. All this is missed by those who do not detect Psalm 22 behind Jesus’s words! Five Reasons to Read the Bible Intertextually It speaks of all the ends of the earth returning to the Lord and nations worshipping before him. Moreover, the Psalm continues more optimistically. That Psalm speaks of a righteous sufferer whose opponents deride him and gamble over his garments things that were happening right there and then. But to the person who is sensitive to intertextuality, and knows Scripture well, Jesus is quoting the beginning of Psalm 22. To a person who is not well informed, this cry sounds like an expression of disappointment with God. A famous example of this is when Jesus made his famous cry on the cross, “My God, my God, why have you have forsaken me?” (Matthew 27:46 Mark 15:34).

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